APPENDIX I AD/HD symptoms classified according to DSB symptoms
in a book AD/HD with adolescents and adults by MIchelsson, Katarina & others (2003)
The list below isn't complete but gives examples. References to pages overlap because the symptoms appear in several contexts. The classification is based on the following process:
The DSB à chronic muscular tension + increase in adrenaline à problems with the coordination of the body and muscles + the hypersensitivity of the senses à perceptive disorders a stress in the brain and body
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The hypersensitivity/ inaccuracy of auditory perception: hearing (pages 20 – 69)
- inability to listen to others
- difficulty in focusing on someone's speech face to face
- difficulty in listening to, understanding, remembering and following spoken instructions
- difficulty in understanding and interpreting other people's messages
- difficulty in noticing details in speech
- sensitivity to disturbances
- autism
- sleep disorders
The hypersensitivity/ inaccuracy of auditory perception: speaking / difficulty in controlling speech and respiratory muscles (pages 31 – 67)
- dysphasia: difficulty in expressing oneself and understanding other people's speech
- Asperger syndrome
- autism
- disorder/delay in the development of speech and language
- slow, unclear, hesitant speech
- difficulty in conveying the message or interpreting in communication
- disturbing, excessive, continuous, loud, inappropriate or offensive speech
- the speaker keeps interrupting others: gives an answer before the question is completed or keeps changing the topic
Muscles in the eye and inaccuracy of visual perception: hypersensitivity of visual perception: reading (pages 31 – 67)
- difficulty in reading, understanding a text and concentrating on reading
- slow or hasty reading
- details are missed
- difficulty in studying mathematics
- inability to perceive shapes, distances or directions
- inability to follow written instructions or fill in forms
- difficulty in understanding expressions, gestures and social hints
- problems with interpreting in communication
- sensitivity to disturbances
- bad eye contact
Disorder in auditory and/or visual perception + difficulty in controlling writing muscles (pages 31 – 66)
- difficulty in writing
- shaky, unclear handwriting
- slow, careless writing, spelling mistakes
- difficulty in taking notes or expressing one's thoughts in text
- impatience to check and correct text
- difficulty in following instructions and rules
Muscular tension and disorders in hormone secretion and metabolism (adrenaline, insulin, cortisol) (pages 39, 59, 70, 74)
- headache
- eating disorders
- difficult menstrual pain
- sleep disorders
Difficulty in controlling the coordination of the body and muscles: motion, exercise and other activity (pages 31 – 74)
- motor disorders
- hyperactivity, clumsiness, slow movements
- difficulty in perceiving directions
- inability to stand or sit still or to wait for one's turn
- impulsiveness, impatience, hasty action
- problems with executive functions
- inability to consider consequences of one's actions
- dependency on routines, impracticality
- Asperger
- Tourette / compulsive movement, tics
- inability to remain still/silent: can't help swaying, mumbling, whistling, tapping, etc.
- sleep disorders
Consequences of the stress of the brain and the body (pages 31 – 69)
- lack of attention and concentration
- difficulty in attention and concentration
- inability / difficulty to keep promises, to follow rules, instructions, to plan one's work/homework, correct or finish it
- tendency to lose objects, forget things or tasks, assignments or orders
- problems with memory / working memory
- impractical, careless, absent-minded, inefficient, restless, disobedient, defiant, dissatisfied
- self-centered, bossy, annoying, passive, slow, submissive
- tendency to get fed up with anything
- tendency to be late for school, meetings
- truancy
- inability to work in a hurry or under pressure or manage two simultaneous tasks
- inability to learn from mistakes
- inability to work persistently: changes tasks in the middle of work
- dependency on routines
- underachievement in tasks compared with general intelligence
- avoidance of cognitive effort / tasks
- poor school achievement
- problems with learning
- no further studies after basic education
- difficulty in perceiving time and controlling time relations
- lack of attention and concentration in social interaction: impulsiveness in human relationships: problems with social interaction, bullying, quarrelling, tendency to change dating partners or spouse often, problems with dating relationships and marriage
- difficulty in focusing on conversation
- insistence on changing the rules in threat of defeat and on blaming others for failure
Increased adrenaline: the over-strain of the sense touch and feeling: the memory of feeling, outbursts of feeling, human relationships, mental health (pages 27 – 73)
- Asperger
- autism
- defiance
- oppositional defiant disorder
- disturbance of conduct
- depressiveness
- anxiety: e.g. tremble, muscular tension, sweating, palpitation, dizziness, pain in upper stomach
- panic attacks
- compulsive thoughts, other compulsive symptoms
- aggressiveness, weak tolerance of misfortune, stress and frustration, impatience
- rapid changes of mood: gets angry and calms down quickly
- exaggerated outbursts of feeling: verbal aggressiveness, gets angry easily
- obtrusive behavior
- indifference, risky way of life
- lack of the sense of fear
- weak self-confidence and self-esteem
- inability to maintain friendship
- mental problems and disorders
The more serious the AD/HD is, the more of the following consequences may appear: (pages 30 - 74)
- economic problems, problems with spending money
- gambling, impulsive shopping, getting into debt
- temporary sex relationships
- irresponsibility, unreliability, recklessness, prone to accidents, loneliness
- alcoholism, intoxicants, drugs,
- telling lies, escape
- violence, crime, destruction of other people's property, pyromania
- suicidal thoughts
The following
APPENDIX II The vital statistics of Finnish population: the number of deaths per day, month and age group in years 1987 – 2005 All age groups, over 80 and 60 - 79
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